# macOS ## Keyboard Shortcuts | Shortcut | Action | | ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | | `Cmd+Opt+D` | Hide/show the Dock | | `Cmd+click` on Dock app | Reveal app in Finder | | `Cmd+F1` | Toggle display mirroring | | `Cmd+Opt+Shift+K` | Switch to next input source | | `Cmd+Ctrl+Space` | Open emoji and symbols picker at cursor | | ``Cmd+` `` | Switch between open windows of the active app | | `Ctrl+↓` | View all open windows of the active app | | `Cmd+Opt+H` | Hide all windows except the active one | | `Ctrl+Fn+C` | Center the active window (macOS Sequoia) | | `Cmd+B` | Search from Spotlight directly in search engine | | `Opt+Delete` | Delete the last word from cursor position | | `Opt` (hold) | Show clickable folder navigation bar in Finder | | `F5` | Autocomplete words (system-wide text completion) | ## Useful Commands ### Remove Empty Folders ```bash find . -name '.DS_Store' -type f -print -delete find . -type d -empty -print -delete ``` ### List File Providers ```bash fileproviderctl domain list ``` ### Gatekeeper: Quarantine Attributes ```bash # Check quarantine status xattr -l /path/to/app # Remove quarantine (allow unsigned app to run) xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/app # Restore quarantine xattr -w com.apple.quarantine "0291;..." /path/to/app ``` [Source](https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/376629) ## Temporary Directory Cleanup macOS has two main temp locations, both cleaned automatically: - **`/tmp`** (symlink to `/private/tmp`) — flushed on **reboot**, and also cleaned daily by the `110.clean-tmps` periodic script (files not accessed for 3 days are deleted). Log output in `/var/log/daily.out`. - **`/var/folders/`** (per-user temp space, used by `mktemp` / `$TMPDIR`) — cleaned by the **`dirhelper`** daemon (runs daily at 3:35 AM, removes files not accessed for 3 days). Both use a **3-day access-time threshold**. Don't rely on either location for persistent storage. Sources: - [How temporary files are removed on MacOS — David Winterbottom](https://til.codeinthehole.com/posts/how-temp-files-are-removed-on-macos/) - [What is "/var/folders"? — Magnusviri](https://magnusviri.com/what-is-var-folders.html) - [Apple Developer Forums](https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/71382) ## macOS Keychain for Secrets Store and retrieve secrets via the `security` command. Works but doesn't sync across devices (see [[1Password]] for the `op run` approach instead). ```bash # Store security add-generic-password -a "$USER" -s 'OPENAI_API_KEY' -w 'the-key' # Retrieve security find-generic-password -a "$USER" -s 'OPENAI_API_KEY' -w # Use in .zshrc OPENAI_API_KEY=$(security find-generic-password -a "$USER" -s "OPENAI_API_KEY" -w) ``` [Source](https://medium.com/@johnjjung/how-to-store-sensitive-environment-variables-on-macos-76bd5ba464f6) ## Related Notes - [[macOS - Time Machine]]